Sabtu, 03 Desember 2011

Giving Advice


 
Giving Advice
Reading
Hypertension is marked by an intermittent or sustained elevation of diastolic or systolic blood pressure. Serial blood pressure measurements greater than 140/90 mm Hg confirm hypertension. Aside from characteristic high blood pressure, hypertension is also classified according to its severity and type. The two major types are essential (also called primary or idiopathic) hypertension, the most common (90% to 95% of cases), and secondary hypertension, which results from renal disease or another identifiable cause. Malignant hypertension is a severe, fulminant form of hypertension that commonly arises from both types. Blacks are twice as likely as whites to be affected and four times as likely to die of the disorder.
Practice giving advice
}  Help the patient examine and modify his lifestyle.
}  Suggest stress–reduction groups, dietary changes, and an exercise program, particularly aerobic walking, to improve cardiac status and reduce obesity and serum cholesterol levels.
}  Encourage the patient to change his dietary habits.
}  Help the obese patient plan a weight–reducing diet.
}  Tell him to avoid high–sodium foods (such as pickles, potato chips, canned soups, and cold cuts), table salt, and foods high in cholesterol and saturated fat.

Useful expression
·         I’d like to suggest you that…..
·         Why don’t you….. Mr Arif
·         It is better for you to…..
·         My suggestion is…..
·         You should…….
·         I think you should …..
·         I suggest you to….
·         The best way to do is….
·         If you ask my advice, you have to….
·         You had better take a rest…..
Grammar focus
Should has the same meaning: It expresses advisability. The meaning ranges in strength from a suggestion
Example:
·         You should eat vegetable to keep your baby healthy.
·         You should keep healthy because it is important for you.
Had better is close to should, ought to, but had better is usually stronger.
Often had better implies a warning or a threat of possible bad consequences.
Example:
·         You had better consult your complain with the neurologist
·         You had better take the vitamin for your health.
·         You’d better take a rest for a week
·         You’d better not be smoking.
Practice:
Pretend that you are a nurse. Give some advice for a working father who suffers from hypertension

Speaking

Preparing for the operation


 Nurse Russell
-I am going off duty now....but another nurse will be preparing you. Before I go, I should like you to sign this anesthetic form.
Mr. Johnson
-What’s this for?
Nurse Russell
-This is a routine procedure. We must always ask the patient for consent, before we give him an anesthetic. It says that you are going to have your hernia fixed and that you agree to the operation.
Mr. Johnson
-What time will I have my operation......in the morning?
Nurse Russell
-There is only one patient before you. So you will probably go to the theatre before 11.00. I can’t be certain, of course, but it will be about half past ten. Is your son coming this evening?
Mr. Johnson
-Yes. So is my daughter-in-law. Will they be allowed to come and see me tomorrow?
Nurse Russell
-Oh, yes they can come in, this evening too. You may be a little sleepy, but they can come to see you.
Mr. Johnson
-How long will I be in the theatre?
Nurse Russell
-Oh not very long, less than an hour I should think. These operations are very quick nowadays. You are not worried about it, are you?
Mr. Johnson
-Well I am a bit. Will I have much pain afterwards?
Nurse Russell
-Well of course, it’ll hurt you a bit, but we’ll give you something for that. So it won’t be very bad. You’ll feel a bit like you do when you cut your finger.
Mr. Johnson
 - I’ve never been put to sleep before. What’s it like?
Nurse Russell
- There is nothing to it. The anesthesiologist gives you an injection in your arm and you go to sleep like that. You won’t know anymore until you wake up in the ward again. I’ll be in the operating theatre with you. When you open your eyes  I’ll be there to say hello, and it’ll soon be over. I must go now. But I’ll see you in the morning, before you go to the theatre.







VOCABULARY / GRAMMAR
To go off duty
To be free from one’s regular work, to stop work.
You will go
The simple future is formed by shall/will for the 1st person singular or plural and will for the 2nd and 3rd persons (singular or plural) + the infinitive (without to). Nowadays shall is rarely used. Except in the interrogative where it is always used for the first persons.
Other forms used to express future actions are:
  • The present continuous (see Unit 1) and the
  •  going to form (see Unit 9)
Will be preparing
The future continuous is formed with the future tense of to be + the present participle. It is used for actions which will occur in the normal course of events.
I should like
The conditional is formed with should+ the infinitive (without to) for the 1st person; would + the infinitive for the 2nd and 3rd persons. Should and would are often abbreviated ‘d.
I should like or I'd like is a polite way of saying I want.
I should like you / him to sign
Should like and want are followed by the object + the infinitive.
Anesthetist form
Form to be signed by the patient to authorize the operation.
Routine procedure
Ordinary, normal, activity.
Nouns may be used as adjectives in English e.g. London Tower, school bus etc..
We must
Must expresses an obligation in this case.
Ask the patient for consent
To request the patient to sign a form to authorize his operation.
You are to
To be + the infinitive expresses an arranged plan, similar to going to.
To have one’s hernia mended
Have + object + past participle means that someone has something done, in this case a patient has a surgeon to mend his hernia. Get may replace have.
To agree to one’s operation
To consent to be operated.
Been put to sleep
To be anaesthetized.
 Exercise 1
Change the following simple present tenses into simple past ones.
She wants a change.
She wanted a change.
  1. She looks through the advertisements.
  1. She admits the patient.
  1. The nurse washes the child.
  1. He cleans the trolley and sterilizes the instruments.
 Exercise 2
Place the indirect object before the direct one, dropping the preposition.
The nurse gives a pill to the patient.
The nurse gives the patient a pill.
1.     The nurse brings an extra pillow for the patient.
2.    The doctor gives a strict diet to the patient.

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